kalk is a simple command line calculator. Run it from a shell terminal:
$ kalk
kalk provides the following default shortcuts for the command line editing experience:
| Keys | Description |
|---|---|
left or ctrl+b |
Move cursor 1 character to the left |
right or ctrl+f |
Move cursor 1 character to the right |
up or ctrl+p |
Move to the previous command in the history |
down or ctrl+n |
Move to the next command in the history |
home or ctrl+a |
Move cursor to the beginning of the line |
end or ctrl+e |
Move cursor to the end of the line |
backspace |
Delete 1 character at the left of the cursor |
del or ctrl+d |
Delete 1 character at the right of the cursor |
ctrl+left or alt+b |
Move cursor 1 word/special-char to the left |
ctrl+right or alt+f |
Move cursor 1 word/special-char to the right |
ctrl+backspace or ctrl+alt+b |
Delete 1 word/special-char at the left of the cursor |
ctrl+del or ctrl+alt+f |
Delete 1 word/special-char at the right of the cursor |
ctrl+c |
Copy current selection to clipboard. If no selection, exit kalk |
ctrl+x |
Cut current selection to clipboard |
ctrl+v |
Paste clipboard at the position of the cursor |
tab |
Starts completion or go to next completion word |
shift+tab |
Starts completion or go to previous completion word |
enter |
Sends the current line to the interpreter |
ctrl+enter |
Sends the current line to the interpreter and continue to next prompt even in case of an error |
ctrl+l |
Clears the screen |
Some of the shortcuts defined above are compatible with the readline keyboard shortcuts.
Combining the modifier shift with cursor movements (e.g left) will start a selection.
These shortcuts can be configured programmatically via shortcut and action functions, see the advanced section.
Then you can start to type mathematical expressions and get their results:
>>> 1+2
# 1 + 2
out = 3
You can use many of the built-in functions:
>>> cos 3π/5 + 1
# cos((3 * π) / 5) + 1
out = 0.6909830056250527
When functions are taking only one argument, you can omit the parenthesis.
kalkconveniently write your expression with parenthesis in the output to make sure that what you wrote is what you expect to be evaluated.
You can reuse the result of a previous calculation by using the special variable out:
>>> log(125)
# log(125)
out = 4.8283137373023015
>>> out * 7
# out * 7
out = 33.79819616111611
You can store intermediate results in a variable:
>>> x = 1
# x = 1
x = 1
>>> y = 2
# y = 2
y = 2
>>> x + y
# x + y
out = 3
You can list your declared variables:
>>> list
# Variables
x = 1
y = 2
You can create you own custom function:
>>> f(x) = x^2 + 2x + 1
# f(x) = (x ^ 2) + 2 * x + 1
f(x) = x ^ 2+ 2 x + 1
>>> f(1)
# f(1)
out = 4
>>> f(3)
# f(3)
out = 16
You can also list your declared functions:
>>> list
# Functions
f(x) = x ^ 2+ 2 x + 1
You can use the operator |> to chain multiple functions input/output:
>>> 1 |> cos |> log
# 1 |> cos |> log
out = -0.6156264703860141
You can use modules (e.g Strings, Files) to extend the functions accessible:
>>> import Strings
# 22 functions successfully imported from module `Strings`.
You can then use the functions provided by this module:
>>> "this is a string, with some ^character" |> handleize
# "this is a string, with some ^character" |> handleize
out = "this-is-a-string-with-some-character"
You can use standard units with import StandardUnits:
>>> import StandardUnits
# 1294 units successfully imported from module `StandardUnits`.
>>> 15 kg/m
# (15 * kg) / m
out = 15000 * g / m
>>> (15 kg/m) * 7cm
# (((15 * kg) / m)) * 7 * cm
out = 1050 * g
Or you you can play easily with foreign exchange rates with import Currencies:
>>> import Currencies
# 2 functions successfully imported from module `Currencies`.
# Downloading rates from https://api.exchangeratesapi.io/latest
# 32 rates successfully updated.
# Using rates defined as of 2020-11-27.
>>> 25 EUR |> to USD
# 25 * EUR |> to(USD)
out = 29.805 * USD
You can use arrays:
>>> 1..9
# 1..9
out = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
And perform calculations on them:
>>> 1..9 |> cos
# 1..9 |> cos
out = [0.5403023058681398, -0.4161468365471424, -0.9899924966004454, -0.6536436208636119, 0.28366218546322625, 0.960170286650366, 0.7539022543433046, -0.14550003380861354, -0.9111302618846769]
You can use vector and matrix types:
>>> x = float4(1,2,3,4)
# x = float4(1, 2, 3, 4)
x = float4(1, 2, 3, 4)
>>> mat = float4x4(1..16)
# mat = float4x4(1..16)
mat = float4x4(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
# col 0 1 2 3 / row
float4(1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ) # 0
float4(5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ) # 1
float4(9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ) # 2
float4(13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ) # 3
>>> mul(mat, x)
# mul(mat, x)
out = float4(90, 100, 110, 120)
In kalk, you can comment your code with:
# the rest of the line will be commented:
>>> 1 + 2 # This is a following comment
# 1 + 2 # This is a following comment
out = 3
# (e.g ##) and are closed by the same amount of # (e.g ##)
>>> 1 ## This is an inline comment ## + 2
# 1 ## This is an inline comment ## + 2
out = 3
Some functions like ascii can display a convenient ASCII table:
>>> ascii
ASCII controls ASCII printable characters Extended ASCII Characters
0 "\x00" (NUL / Null) 32 " " 64 "@" 96 "`" 128 "€" 160 " " 192 "À" 224 "à"
1 "\x01" (SOH / Start of Heading) 33 "!" 65 "A" 97 "a" 129 "" 161 "¡" 193 "Á" 225 "á"
2 "\x02" (STX / Start of Text) 34 "\"" 66 "B" 98 "b" 130 "‚" 162 "¢" 194 "Â" 226 "â"
3 "\x03" (ETX / End of Text) 35 "#" 67 "C" 99 "c" 131 "ƒ" 163 "£" 195 "Ã" 227 "ã"
4 "\x04" (EOT / End of Transmission) 36 "$" 68 "D" 100 "d" 132 "„" 164 "¤" 196 "Ä" 228 "ä"
5 "\x05" (ENQ / Enquiry) 37 "%" 69 "E" 101 "e" 133 "…" 165 "¥" 197 "Å" 229 "å"
6 "\x06" (ACK / Acknowledgment) 38 "&" 70 "F" 102 "f" 134 "†" 166 "¦" 198 "Æ" 230 "æ"
7 "\a" (BEL / Bell) 39 "'" 71 "G" 103 "g" 135 "‡" 167 "§" 199 "Ç" 231 "ç"
8 "\b" (BS / Backspace) 40 "(" 72 "H" 104 "h" 136 "ˆ" 168 "¨" 200 "È" 232 "è"
9 "\t" (HT / Horizontal Tab) 41 ")" 73 "I" 105 "i" 137 "‰" 169 "©" 201 "É" 233 "é"
10 "\n" (LF / Line Feed) 42 "*" 74 "J" 106 "j" 138 "Š" 170 "ª" 202 "Ê" 234 "ê"
11 "\v" (VT / Vertical Tab) 43 "+" 75 "K" 107 "k" 139 "‹" 171 "«" 203 "Ë" 235 "ë"
12 "\f" (FF / Form Feed) 44 "," 76 "L" 108 "l" 140 "" 173 "" 205 "Í" 237 "í"
14 "\x0e" (SO / Shift Out) 46 "." 78 "N" 110 "n" 142 "Ž" 174 "®" 206 "Î" 238 "î"
15 "\x0f" (SI / Shift In) 47 "/" 79 "O" 111 "o" 143 "¢ 175 "¯" 207 "Ï" 239 "ï"
16 "\x10" (DLE / Data Link Escape) 48 "0" 80 "P" 112 "p" 144 " 176 "°" 208 "Ð" 240 "ð"
17 "\x11" (DC1 / Device Control 1) 49 "1" 81 "Q" 113 "q" 145 "‘" 177 "±" 209 "Ñ" 241 "ñ"
18 "\x12" (DC2 / Device Control 2) 50 "2" 82 "R" 114 "r" 146 "’" 178 "²" 210 "Ò" 242 "ò"
19 "\x13" (DC3 / Device Control 3) 51 "3" 83 "S" 115 "s" 147 "“" 179 "³" 211 "Ó" 243 "ó"
20 "\x14" (DC4 / Device Control 4) 52 "4" 84 "T" 116 "t" 148 "”" 180 "´" 212 "Ô" 244 "ô"
21 "\x15" (NAK / Negative Ack) 53 "5" 85 "U" 117 "u" 149 "•" 181 "µ" 213 "Õ" 245 "õ"
22 "\x16" (SYN / Synchronous Idle) 54 "6" 86 "V" 118 "v" 150 "–" 182 "¶" 214 "Ö" 246 "ö"
23 "\x17" (ETB / End of Trans Block) 55 "7" 87 "W" 119 "w" 151 "—" 183 "·" 215 "×" 247 "÷"
24 "\x18" (CAN / Cancel) 56 "8" 88 "X" 120 "x" 152 "˜" 184 "¸" 216 "Ø" 248 "ø"
25 "\x19" (EM / End of Medium) 57 "9" 89 "Y" 121 "y" 153 "™" 185 "¹" 217 "Ù" 249 "ù"
26 "\x1a" (SUB / Substitute) 58 ":" 90 "Z" 122 "z" 154 "š" 186 "º" 218 "Ú" 250 "ú"
27 "\x1b" (ESC / Escape) 59 ";" 91 "[" 123 "{" 155 "›" 187 "»" 219 "Û" 251 "û"
28 "\x1c" (FS / File Separator) 60 "<" 92 "\\" 124 "|" 156 "œ" 188 "¼" 220 "Ü" 252 "ü"
29 "\x1d" (GS / Group Separator) 61 "=" 93 "]" 125 "}" 157 " 189 "½" 221 "Ý" 253 "ý"
30 "\x1e" (RS / Record Separator) 62 ">" 94 "^" 126 "~" 158 "ž" 190 "¾" 222 "Þ" 254 "þ"
31 "\x1f" (US / Unit Separator) 63 "?" 95 "_" 127 "" 159 "Ÿ" 191 "¿" 223 "ß" 255 "ÿ"
You can also try the colors function to see what it displays!
>>> colors # watch out!
kalk powerful language.kalk in more advanced ways.